à¾×èÍá»Å¹ÔÂÒÁãËéà¢éÒ㨠¤ÇÃà¢éÒ㨤ÓÇèÒ Dynamical system ¡è͹ â´Â dynamical system ¹Ñ鹤×ÍÃкº·ÕèÁÕ¡ÒÃà»ÅÕè¹ á»Å§¢Ö鹡ѺàÇÅÒ â´Â»ÃСͺ´éÇ phase space·ÕèÁÕ coordinate ͸ԺÒ dynamical state·Ø¡ªèǧàÇÅÒ áÅÐÁÕ dynamical rule à»ç¹µÑÇ¡Ó˹´ÇèÒ¤èҢͧ·Ø¡µÑÇá»Ãã¹Í¹Ò¤µ¹Ñé¹¢Ö鹡Ѻ¤èҢͧ·Ø¡µÑÇá»Ã㹻Ѩ¨ØºÑ¹ áÅж١͸ԺÒ´éÇ initial value problem
ÊÓËÃѺ dynamical system ¹Ñé¹àÃÒÍÒ¨¨ÐàÃÕ¡ãËéà»ç¹ nonlinear dynamical system ¡çä´éà¾ÃÒлѭËÒ·ÕèàÃҨоԨÒóҨÐà¡ÕèÂÇ ¢éͧ¡Ñº nonlinearity ¢Í§ system á·º·Ñé§ÊÔé¹
                dynamical system ¨Ð “deterministic” àÁ×èÍ dynamical system ãËé¼Åä»ã¹·ÔÈ·Ò§à´ÕÂǡѹ·Ø¡ æ ÊÀÒÇÐàÊÁÍ áµè¶éÒ ÁÕ¼ÅÍÂèÒ§¹éÍÂ˹Öè§ÍÂèÒ§·ÕèÊÒÁÒöàÅ×Í¡à¡Ô´¢Öé¹ä´é¨Ò¡¡ÒÃᨡᨧ¤ÇÒÁ¹èÒ¨Ðà»ç¹áÅéÇ dynamical system ¹Ñ鹨Ðà»ç¹ “random”
ËÃ×Í “stochastic” ·Ñ¹·Õ
                dynamical system ¹Ñé¹ÊÒÁÒöà»ç¹ discrete ËÃ×Í continuous time ¡çä´é ËÒ¡à»ç¹ª¹Ô´ discrete ¡ç¤×Í z₁ =  f(z₀) ¹Ñ蹤×Í state z₁ ¢Ö鹡Ѻ state z₀ àÁ×èͤèÒàÇÅÒ¼èÒ¹ä» ËÒ¡à»ç¹ª¹Ô´ continuous áÅéÇ àÃÒËÁÒ¶֧ " Flow " ËÒ¡ flow ¹Ñéè¹µèÍà¹×èͧàÃҨйÓÁÒ
differentiate à·Õº¡ÑºàÇÅÒä´éà»ç¹ dz/dt = F(z)